The typical story about poverty focuses on what fraction of individuals are poor. Economists are interested in more than this, however, and the classical ways of measuring poverty are the:1
incidence of poverty (what proportion of the population is poor?) intensity of poverty (how poor are the poor?), and inequality of poverty (how unequal is the distribution of mild, moderate, and severe poverty?
Here are the top 10 ways the poor in Brownsville / Ocean Hill differs from the rest of New York. The data behind the visualizations comes from the 0 New Yorkers who responded to the 2018 American Community Survey.
Table of Contents Top 10 Differences between the Poor in Brownsville / Ocean Hill and the rest of New York City Proportions 10. Workers in Family 9. Household Language 8.
Here are the top 10 ways Brownsville / Ocean Hill differs from the rest of New York. The data behind the visualizations comes from the 0 New Yorkers who responded to the 2018 American Community Survey.
Table of Contents Top 10 Differences between Brownsville / Ocean Hill and the rest of New York City Proportions 10. Tenure 9. Vehicles 8. Family Type and Employment Status 7. Medicaid 6.
Who are the poor in Brownsville? How are they different from poor New Yorkers? Below is a detailed dashboard to answer these questions with charts and graphs. The data behind the visualizations comes from the 71,126 New Yorkers who responded to the 2018 American Community Survey. This represents a population of 8,397,407 New Yorkers, 121,320 of whom live in Brownsville / Ocean Hill.1 New York had 1,429,438 individuals in poverty, 31,589 of whom reside in Brownsville / Ocean Hill.
Recently, I came across an intriguing working paper. The goal of the paper is to offer a mathematical formula that describes the emergence of empirical observations of innovation in the world—i.e., how likely innovations are to be observed and how innovations make the observation of further innovations possible. As the authors write, they model how an innovation changes the shape of the “adjacent possible,” faciliting the emergence/discovery/observation of new innovations.
Robinson, Azerrad, and Matthews have each argued that equality of opportunity would represent a “dystopian, totalitarian nightmare” and even that it is “impossible.”1
The underlying argument seems to be the following:
In the relevant population, there is diversity of body, character, parents, etc. at some time period, \(t\). Difference between individuals A and B at time, \(t\), means they do not have equality of opportunity for outcome Y at time, \(t+k\) (e.